Category Archives: South American Environment

Laguna Alalay — A Real Shame

We’ve really got to do something about this. Laguna Alalay and Rio Rocha, Cochabamba’s two most visible bodies of water, are both extremely polluted.  In the lake’s case, one of the main sources is toxic discharge from jeans factories.   I know the causes are manifold — and I’m sure solutions are easier to imagine than to execute — but we can’t allow this to continue without putting up a good fight.  Sometimes I think it may even be more important to take care of urban streams and lakes than their wilderness counterparts.  This is the water we see and interact with every day; if we can’t muster up the strength to keep it in decent shape, that’s a very sad commentary indeed.

-NF

Belly up in Laguna Alalay. Image courtesy of Los Tiempos.

Lending a Hand

Sometimes you can’t just sit on the sidelines and take in the show; you have to participate.  Today, we decided to help out by taking some basic medicines to a few marchers who had arrived in Cochabamba.  Actually, they had arrived some two to three weeks prior, serving as a sort of advance party to organize in the city while most of their companions remained on the road hundreds of kilometers away.

Tensions remain high following Sunday's crackdown.

The marchers, who were camped out at the main protest site of Iglesia San Francisco, greeted us with warm handshakes and hugs.  They hail from the small village of Yuki, near TIPNIS, about 4-5 hours’ drive from Cochabamba.  We made tentative arrangements with them to try to haul some medicine and other goods out there sometime in the near future.  Credit to Dr. Ronald Sanchez, my father-in-law, for spearheading today’s visit and attending to the medical needs of the marchers.

Dr. Ronald Sanchez gives medicine to TIPNIS marchers Richie and Marcos.

Hopefully we can find more ways to help out in the future.

The last few days have been rough around here.  Situations like this tend to bring out the best and the worst in people.  Some of the reactions to Sunday’s crackdown seem misguided to me.  I’m not sure, for instance, that the best thing for Bolivia right now is Evo’s resignation.   Evo’s government made a big mistake, and that must be addressed, but let’s make sure we don’t make matters worse through rash decisions.  In the meantime, let’s all do our small part to help those in need.

-NF

A Video of TIPNIS

I’ve been blogging a lot about TIPNIS lately, and it occurred to me that perhaps people would like to see some images of the park.  I found this video on YouTube, courtesy of Agencia Indigenas.  Enjoy!

When in Doubt, Hold a Referendum

In response to mounting pressure from activists and the general population, Bolivian President Evo Morales has announced his intent to hold a referendum on the proposed highway through TIPNIS.   Rather than a national vote, Morales proposes to put the question to the departments of Cochabamba and Beni, the two provinces through which the highway will run.  If they say “yes,” the government will analyze the project anew, according to Morales, using better facts and paying more attention to environmental concerns.  In the meantime, the project has been temporarily suspended.

Modified poster on La Heroinas in Cochabamba

These moves have to be seen as rather desperate measures to salvage what remains of the government’s reputation following Sunday’s crackdown.  Top officials are playing the blame game, and the Minister of Defense and Minister of Immigration have both resigned.

What to make of this referendum business?  I have mixed thoughts.  On the one hand, I have to give credit to the President for recognizing that the jig is up.  And resolving the issue via the ballot box sounds a lot more reasonable than resolving it with police boots and duct-tape.

On the other hand, I remain skeptical.  Why should it be all of Cochabamba and Beni that get to vote?  If we are going to resolve this through a referendum, shouldn’t it just be the TIPNIS population that decides?  It is, after all, their land and homes that are directly at stake.  I don’t know enough about the demographics as I should, but Cochabamba’s Chapare province is full of MAS supporters that could potentially sway the vote in favor of the freeway.  And if the vote should be broader than just TIPNIS, why not include all of Bolivia?  If we have any gerrymandering experts out there, this could be a very interesting case.

Finally, there is the issue of source of law.  A referendum sounds like a natural enough way to resolve the dispute, but is it a lawful one?   Despite their ambiguities, the Bolivian Constitution and environmental laws spell out a procedure that the government must follow in proposing and implementing projects like this freeway.  To my knowledge, a referendum does not enter into the mix.  If the proper procedure was not followed–lack of proper consultation and analysis, etc.–then the government should go back and do it the right way.  A referendum seems all too ad hoc and politically suspect under these circumstances.

What does everyone else think?  Am I being too cynical?  Not cynical enough?

-NF

Things Fall Apart

The TIPNIS situation has deteriorated rapidly. Things took a turn for the worse when police descended upon the marchers yesterday. By all appearances the intervention was unprovoked–that is to say, there was no immediate reason calling for the action. I’m sure there have been plenty of errors on both sides of this dispute, but this latest action by the government is very hard to swallow. Duct-taping mouths shut; launching gas canisters into peaceful encampments; children separated from their mothers; there have even been accusations of the police beating pregnant women.

As one might expect, the people took to the streets last night in protest.  Here are a few pictures from the protest in downtown Cochabamba:

Blocking traffic the old-fashioned way.

Meeting intimidation with music, activists beat drums and chanted through pan flutes before the Delta Force.

Indigenous leaders declaring a hunger strike.

Burning a candle, hoping for a peaceful and just resolution.

I’m hoping to write a lengthier piece on this in the future.  In the meantime, here’s a bit of the story from Los Tiempos. More to follow after I have a chance to digest everything that’s happened.

-NF

UPDATE:  As more and more footage of the incident makes its way onto the news, the government’s action looks worse and worse.  Situations like this are always complex, but the police clearly did things yesterday that must be categorically condemned.

Civil Rights Violation?

So here’s the situation:  TIPNIS supporters have been marching from Beni to La Paz, a 350-mile trip, to plead their case against a planned highway through a national park and protected indigenous territory.  Over the last few days, however, the march has come to a standstill.  Hundreds of police are blocking the road.  The administration says it’s for the marchers’ own protection, as citizens in a nearby town have declared their intent to halt the march’s progress.  The threat could be serious, as there are a lot of “colonist” coca-growers in the area who, according to many, stand to profit big-time by the freeway’s construction.  Of course, halting the march also serves the government’s interests.  But even if the safety threat is serious, are the police making the right move?  Shouldn’t they be holding back the would-be interlopers, ensuring safe passage for the (generally) peaceful demonstrators?

I’m going to assume–perhaps dangerously–that most of my readers would rather see the police protect the marchers while allowing them to progress.  Nevertheless, there are many government decisions that I find unwise yet would concede violate no human or civil rights.  My question then:  Is this one of them?  Do people have a right  to march on public roads, potentially disrupting traffic along the way?   I find this a genuinely difficult question.

-NF

P.S.  For purposes of this question, ignore the accusations that the police have denied the marchers access to nearby water.  I think we can all agree that, if true, that would rise to the level of a human-rights violation.

The TIPNIS Saga

You can’t make this stuff up.  As I mentioned before, the big environmental issue in Bolivia is the proposed construction of a freeway through the heart of a national park and protected indigenous territory known as TIPNIS (Territorio Indígena y Parque Nacional Isiboro Sécure).

After earning the admiration of environmentalists and indigenous-rights advocates worldwide for his leadership during 2006-2010, President Evo Morales is now quickly earning their scorn.  Even if the freeway does comply with all substantive and procedural laws–a big “if,” from what I hear–the administration has to understand that it completely undermines the goodwill it has earned with the environmentalists and indigenous communities over the years.

To make matters worse, the Morales administration has accused NGOs of fomenting dissent and has  launched formal investigations of certain organizations.  The administration has also accused the U.S. of lending support to the protests, using the matter as an excuse to support the opposition and sap the strength of the “socialist” government in La Paz.

This last accusation is vexing.  On the one hand, history contains plenty of examples of U.S. interference in Latin America, such that it can’t be dismissed as entirely ludicrous.  But on the other hand, where’s the evidence?  This is a serious accusation that needs to be backed up with facts.  To my knowledge, nothing in the way of proof has been offered.

I guess my final take is this:  If this is all legal and justifiable, why not defend the project on that basis?   I applaud Mr. Morales for many of his efforts, but he’s really dropping the ball on this one.

-NF

El Chaco in Trouble

The Council on Hemispheric Affairs (COHA) blog has a very interesting post on destructive land practices in the Paraguayan Chaco.  Here’s a brief snippet (see the full story here):

In Paraguay, the Ayoreo people are fighting for their very survival. These indigenous people are struggling to save their ancestral home in the Chaco region from cattle companies, farmers and religious sects who are moving into the region and clearing the land. New arrivals do this to make the land suitable for farming and grazing cattle. The combination of burning and then bulldozing the land leaves the region barren.

The Chaco region in southwestern Paraguay is one of the most inhospitable lands in South America; while it composes 60 percent of the country’s area, it is inhabited by only two percent of the Paraguayan population. Popular filmmaker and conservationist David Attenborough has praised the beauty of Chaco calling it “one of the last great wilderness areas left in the world” and called for its protection due to the many plants and animals that inhabit its dense forests.

 

 

Contradictions

We all have them.  Actions that are inconsistent with our words, changes in attitude that reveal we weren’t sincere in the first place, etc.  For some reason, though, it seems politicians are the masters of contradictions.  In the case of national leaders, I suppose it makes perfect sense — they are elected by groups of people with diverse and often inconsistent interests.  By trying to please all or most of their constituents, national leaders inevitably paint themselves into a corner.  Then, when it comes time to choose between standing by tough talk or “compromising” (i.e., acting in a contradictory way), politicians do what politicians do.

That’s a long wind-up to announce that I’m upset with Evo Morales and his government’s decision to build a highway through some of the most beautiful rainforest on earth.  I’ve heard a lot about this issue since I arrived in Cochabamba two weeks ago, but I confess that I’m still shaky on some of the details.  In a nutshell, Morales and his MAS administration have brokered a deal with Brazil to construct a highway from Villa Tunari to San Ignacio de Moxos.  The 306-kilometer highway, bankrolled by Brazil and managed by a Brazillian construction company, will cut through the heart of Isiboro Secure Indiginous Territory and National Park (TIPNIS), dividing communities, destroying habitat, and, as roads always do, paving the way for further development and destruction.

Beyond the ecological impact, two factors make this project extremely troubling: (1) the fact that the people living in TIPNIS were not properly consulted; and (2) the fact that this project comes on the heels of President Morales’s inspiring leadership at the World People’s Conference on Climate Change and the Rights of Mother Earth and in passing the Law of Mother Earth.

The people of TIPNIS make the case better than I can:

We report before Bolivia and before the world that our government is breaking the constitution, which they themselves put into law. Also the Environment Act, the Protected Areas Act and many other national laws and international commitments. They are trying to build this road, which would cause the greatest ecological destruction in the history of Bolivia, illegally without respect for the law or the rights of the indigenous peoples who inhabit it.

The road constitutes an attack on the life and culture of the Moxenos, Yurakaré and Chimanes peoples. It would also condemn to extinction the unique fauna and flora of the forest. The rivers, lakes and scenic beauty of the area would be irreparably affected. We ask President Morales that he is consistent with his speech and laws in defence of Mother Earth and the rights of indigenous peoples.

Some links on the issue for those interested in learning more:  here (positive coverage on the economic benefits), here (the full statement from TIPNIS), and here (an analysis from eco Amazonia).

-NF

Bolivia Leads the Way

Spencer Miles, a good friend and author of White Fish Can’t Jump, forwarded me this interesting article from The Guardian.  Here’s a snippet:

Bolivia is set to pass the world’s first laws granting all nature equal rights to humans. The Law of Mother Earth, now agreed by politicians and grassroots social groups, redefines the country’s rich mineral deposits as “blessings” and is expected to lead to radical new conservation and social measures to reduce pollution and control industry.

The country, which has been pilloried by the US and Britain in the UN climate talks for demanding steep carbon emission cuts, will establish 11 new rights for nature. They include: the right to life and to exist; the right to continue vital cycles and processes free from human alteration; the right to pure water and clean air; the right to balance; the right not to be polluted; and the right to not have cellular structure modified or genetically altered.

Controversially, it will also enshrine the right of nature “to not be affected by mega-infrastructure and development projects that affect the balance of ecosystems and the local inhabitant communities”.

“It makes world history. Earth is the mother of all”, said Vice-President Alvaro García Linera. “It establishes a new relationship between man and nature, the harmony of which must be preserved as a guarantee of its regeneration.”

 Will the law go beyond symbolism?  I don’t know, but even if it remains purely symbolic, it’s a big step in the right direction.  Can you imagine the U.S., China, India, or the European powers doing this?  Obama should consult Morales about the real meaning of “audacity.”

-NF